Kotlinv2.4.0

仅限桌面端的 API ​

您可以使用 Compose Multiplatform 创建 macOS、Linux 和 Windows 桌面应用程序。本页面简要概述了桌面端特有的组件和事件。每个章节都包含指向详细教程的链接。

组件 ​

系统托盘 ​

您可以使用 Tray 可组合项在系统托盘中向用户发送通知：

kotlin
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.Box
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.fillMaxSize
import androidx.compose.material.Text
import androidx.compose.runtime.getValue
import androidx.compose.runtime.mutableStateOf
import androidx.compose.runtime.remember
import androidx.compose.runtime.setValue
import androidx.compose.ui.Alignment
import androidx.compose.ui.Modifier
import androidx.compose.ui.geometry.Offset
import androidx.compose.ui.geometry.Size
import androidx.compose.ui.graphics.Color
import androidx.compose.ui.graphics.drawscope.DrawScope
import androidx.compose.ui.graphics.painter.Painter
import androidx.compose.ui.window.Tray
import androidx.compose.ui.window.Window
import androidx.compose.ui.window.application
import androidx.compose.ui.window.rememberNotification
import androidx.compose.ui.window.rememberTrayState

fun main() = application {
    var count by remember { mutableStateOf(0) }
    var isOpen by remember { mutableStateOf(true) }

    if (isOpen) {
        val trayState = rememberTrayState()
        val notification = rememberNotification("Notification", "Message from MyApp!")

        Tray(
            state = trayState,
            icon = TrayIcon,
            menu = {
                Item(
                    "Increment value",
                    onClick = {
                        count++
                    }
                )
                Item(
                    "Send notification",
                    onClick = {
                        trayState.sendNotification(notification)
                    }
                )
                Item(
                    "Exit",
                    onClick = {
                        isOpen = false
                    }
                )
            }
        )

        Window(
            onCloseRequest = {
                isOpen = false
            },
            icon = MyAppIcon
        ) {
            // 内容：
            Box(
                modifier = Modifier.fillMaxSize(),
                contentAlignment = Alignment.Center
            ) {
                Text(text = "Value: $count")
            }
        }
    }
}

object MyAppIcon : Painter() {
    override val intrinsicSize = Size(256f, 256f)

    override fun DrawScope.onDraw() {
        drawOval(Color.Green, Offset(size.width / 4, 0f), Size(size.width / 2f, size.height))
        drawOval(Color.Blue, Offset(0f, size.height / 4), Size(size.width, size.height / 2f))
        drawOval(Color.Red, Offset(size.width / 4, size.height / 4), Size(size.width / 2f, size.height / 2f))
    }
}

object TrayIcon : Painter() {
    override val intrinsicSize = Size(256f, 256f)

    override fun DrawScope.onDraw() {
        drawOval(Color(0xFFFFA500))
    }
}

共有三种类型的通知：

  • notify：普通通知。
  • warn：警告通知。
  • error：错误通知。

您还可以为系统托盘添加应用程序图标。

有关更多信息，请参阅 菜单、托盘与通知 教程。

菜单栏 ​

您可以使用 MenuBar 可组合项为特定窗口创建并自定义菜单栏：

kotlin
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.Box
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.fillMaxSize
import androidx.compose.material.Text
import androidx.compose.runtime.getValue
import androidx.compose.runtime.mutableStateOf
import androidx.compose.runtime.remember
import androidx.compose.runtime.setValue
import androidx.compose.ui.Alignment
import androidx.compose.ui.ExperimentalComposeUiApi
import androidx.compose.ui.Modifier
import androidx.compose.ui.geometry.Size
import androidx.compose.ui.graphics.Color
import androidx.compose.ui.graphics.drawscope.DrawScope
import androidx.compose.ui.graphics.painter.Painter
import androidx.compose.ui.input.key.Key
import androidx.compose.ui.input.key.KeyShortcut
import androidx.compose.ui.window.MenuBar
import androidx.compose.ui.window.Window
import androidx.compose.ui.window.application

@OptIn(ExperimentalComposeUiApi::class)
fun main() = application {
    var action by remember { mutableStateOf("Last action: None") }
    var isOpen by remember { mutableStateOf(true) }

    if (isOpen) {
        var isSubmenuShowing by remember { mutableStateOf(false) }

        Window(onCloseRequest = { isOpen = false }) {
            MenuBar {
                Menu("File", mnemonic = 'F') {
                    Item("Copy", onClick = { action = "Last action: Copy" }, shortcut = KeyShortcut(Key.C, ctrl = true))
                    Item(
                        "Paste",
                        onClick = { action = "Last action: Paste" },
                        shortcut = KeyShortcut(Key.V, ctrl = true)
                    )
                }
                Menu("Actions", mnemonic = 'A') {
                    CheckboxItem(
                        "Advanced settings",
                        checked = isSubmenuShowing,
                        onCheckedChange = {
                            isSubmenuShowing = !isSubmenuShowing
                        }
                    )
                    if (isSubmenuShowing) {
                        Menu("Settings") {
                            Item("Setting 1", onClick = { action = "Last action: Setting 1" })
                            Item("Setting 2", onClick = { action = "Last action: Setting 2" })
                        }
                    }
                    Separator()
                    Item("About", icon = AboutIcon, onClick = { action = "Last action: About" })
                    Item("Exit", onClick = { isOpen = false }, shortcut = KeyShortcut(Key.Escape), mnemonic = 'E')
                }
            }

            Box(
                modifier = Modifier.fillMaxSize(),
                contentAlignment = Alignment.Center
            ) {
                Text(text = action)
            }
        }
    }
}

object AboutIcon : Painter() {
    override val intrinsicSize = Size(256f, 256f)

    override fun DrawScope.onDraw() {
        drawOval(Color(0xFFFFA500))
    }
}

有关更多信息，请参阅 菜单、托盘与通知 教程。

事件 ​

组件间的 Tab 键导航 ​

您可以使用 键盘快捷键导航至下一个组件，使用 导航至上一个组件。

默认情况下，Tab 键导航允许您按组件出现的顺序在可聚焦组件之间移动。可聚焦组件包括 TextField、OutlinedTextField 和 BasicTextField 可组合项，以及使用 Modifier.clickable 的组件，例如 Button、IconButton 和 MenuItem。

例如，下面是一个窗口，用户可以使用标准快捷键在五个文本字段之间导航：

kotlin
import androidx.compose.ui.window.application
import androidx.compose.ui.window.Window
import androidx.compose.ui.window.WindowState
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.Box
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.Column
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.fillMaxSize
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.height
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.padding
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.Spacer
import androidx.compose.material.OutlinedTextField
import androidx.compose.runtime.mutableStateOf
import androidx.compose.runtime.remember
import androidx.compose.ui.Alignment
import androidx.compose.ui.Modifier
import androidx.compose.ui.unit.DpSize
import androidx.compose.ui.unit.dp

fun main() = application {
    Window(
        state = WindowState(size = DpSize(350.dp, 500.dp)),
        onCloseRequest = ::exitApplication
    ) {
        Box(
            modifier = Modifier.fillMaxSize(),
            contentAlignment = Alignment.Center
        ) {
            Column(
                modifier = Modifier.padding(50.dp)
            ) {
                for (x in 1..5) {
                    val text = remember { mutableStateOf("") }
                    OutlinedTextField(
                        value = text.value,
                        singleLine = true,
                        onValueChange = { text.value = it }
                    )
                    Spacer(modifier = Modifier.height(20.dp))
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

您还可以使不可聚焦的组件变为可聚焦，自定义 Tab 键导航顺序，以及将组件置于焦点状态。

有关更多信息，请参阅 Tab 键导航与键盘焦点 教程。

下一步 ​